Mali (Republic of Mali)

http://www.humantruth.info/mali.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2013

Mali Republic of Mali
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	161st best
Capital	Bamako
Land Area	1 220 190km²₁
Location	Africa
Population	19.1m₂
Life Expectancy	58.94yrs (2017)₃
GNI	$2 133 (2017)₄
ISO3166-1 Codes	ML, MLI, 466₅
Internet Domain	.ml₆
Currency	Franc (XOF)₇
Telephone	+223₈

1. Overview

“The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, what formerly made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 by a military coup that ushered in a period of democratic rule. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's first two democratic presidential elections in 1992 and 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term constitutional limit, he stepped down in 2002 and was succeeded by Amadou TOURE, who was elected to a second term in 2007 elections that were widely judged to be free and fair. Malian returnees from Libya in 2011 exacerbated tensions in northern Mali, and Tuareg ethnic militias started a rebellion in January 2012. Low-mid level soldiers, frustrated with the poor handling of the rebellion overthrew TOURE on 22 March. Intensive mediation efforts led by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) returned power to a civilian administration in April with the appointment of interim President Dioncounda TRAORE. The post-coup chaos led to rebels expelling the Malian military from the three northern regions of the country and allowed Islamic militants to set up strongholds. Hundreds of thousands of northern Malians fled the violence to southern Mali and neighboring countries, exacerbating regional food insecurity in host communities. A military intervention to retake the three northern regions began in January 2013 and within a month most of the north had been retaken. Democratic elections are scheduled for mid-2013.”
CIA's The World Factbook (2013)₉

“Like an exquisite sandcastle formed in a harsh desert landscape, Mali is blessed with an extraordinary amount of beauty, wonders, talents and knowledge. Few countries in Wesy Africa can boast such an array of sights, from fabled Timbuktu to riverside mosques that seem to spring from a child´s imagination. Yet for now, its landscapes, monuments, mosques and music bars are off-limits, sealed from tourists by a conflict that is threatening the culture of this remarkable country.
The beating heart of Mali is Bamako, where Ngoni and Kora musicians play to crowds of dancing Malians. Further west, Fula women strap their belongings to donkeys, forming caravans worthy of beauty pageants as they make their way across the hamada (dry, dusty scrubland). And in the northeast, the writings of venerable African civilisations remain locked in the beautiful libraries of Timbuktu.
Adding considerable depth to these attractions is Mali´s illustrious history, a story of ancient gold-rich empires along the Sahara´s southern fringe. And just as rich and deep is Mali´s world-famous musical soundtrack, a beguiling playlist of soulful desert blues, ancient griot tunes and frenetic dance rhythms.”
"The World" by Lonely Planet (2014)₁₀

2. Mali National and Social Development

#economics #human_development #wealth

UN HDI (2021)₁₁
Pos.		Higher is better Value₁₁
1	Switzerland	0.962
2	Norway	0.961
3	Iceland	0.959
	...
183	Yemen	0.455
184	Burkina Faso	0.449
185	Mozambique	0.446
186	Mali	0.428
187	Burundi	0.426
188	Central African Rep.	0.404
189	Niger	0.400
190	Chad	0.394
	Africa Avg	0.56
	World Avg	0.72
q=191.

Gross National Income Per-Capita (2021)₁₁
Pos.		Higher is better PPP $₁₁
1	Liechtenstein	$146 830
2	Singapore	$90 919
3	Qatar	$87 134
	...
173	Uganda	$2 181
174	Gambia	$2 172
175	Togo	$2 167
176	Mali	$2 133
177	Burkina Faso	$2 118
178	Guinea-Bissau	$1 908
179	Afghanistan	$1 824
180	Eritrea	$1 729
	Africa Avg	$5 339
	World Avg	$20 136
q=193.

Social & Moral Development Index₁₂
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₂
1	Norway	28.6
2	Denmark	30.0
3	Sweden	30.7
	...
158	N. Korea	113.4
159	Gambia	113.5
160	Nigeria	114.0
161	Mali	114.6
162	Mozambique	115.0
163	Myanmar (Burma)	115.4
164	Pakistan	115.7
165	Guinea	116.0
	Africa Avg	110.5
	World Avg	86.8
q=195.

The United Nations produces an annual Human Development Report which includes the Human Development Index. The factors taken into account include life expectancy, education and schooling and Gross National Income (GNI) amongst many others..

The Social and Moral Development Index concentrates on moral issues and human rights, violence, public health, equality, tolerance, freedom and effectiveness in climate change mitigation and environmentalism, and on some technological issues. A country scores higher for achieving well in those areas, and for sustaining that achievement in the long term. Those countries towards the top of this index can truly said to be setting good examples and leading humankind onwards into a bright, humane, and free future. See: Which are the Best Countries in the World? The Social and Moral Development Index.

3. Mali's Demographics and Migration

#birth_control #demographics #health #immigration #life_expectancy #longevity #migration #overpopulation #population

Population:

Mali's population is predicted to rise to 26.78 million by 2030. These millions of extra people will all need space to live, food to eat, energy to consume, and will increase the burden on the planet's resources. This country has a fertility rate of 6.16. The fertility rate is, in simple terms, the average amount of children that each woman has. The higher the figure, the quicker the population is growing, although, to calculate the rate you also need to take into account morbidity, i.e., the rate at which people die. If people live healthy and long lives and morbidity is low, then, 2.0 approximates to the replacement rate, which would keep the population stable. If all countries had such a fertility rate, population growth would end. The actual replacement rate in most developed countries is around 2.1.

Population₂
Pos.		2018 Population₂
1	China	1.4b
2	India	1.4b
3	USA	327.1m
	...
57	Sri Lanka	21.2m
58	Burkina Faso	19.8m
59	Romania	19.5m
60	Mali	19.1m
61	Chile	18.7m
62	Kazakhstan	18.3m
63	Malawi	18.1m
64	Zambia	17.4m
	World Avg	39.0m
q=195.

Life Expectancy Higher is better₁₁
Pos.		2021 Years₁₁
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
183	Namibia	59.3
184	Zimbabwe	59.3
185	Congo, DR	59.2
186	Mali	58.9
187	Guinea	58.9
188	Ivory Coast	58.6
189	Swaziland	57.1
190	Somalia	55.3
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best₁₃
Pos.		2013₁₃
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
173	Uganda	5.95
174	Malawi	5.98
175	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	5.99
176	Afghanistan	6.03
177	Mali	6.16
178	Zambia	6.30
179	Somalia	6.30
180	Niger	6.96
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Old-Age Dependency Ratio Lower is better₁₄
Pos.		2016 Per 100₁₄
1	Uganda	04.3
2	Mali	04.5
3=	Chad	04.7
3=	Burkina Faso	04.7
5	Sierra Leone	04.8
6=	Zambia	04.8
7	Eritrea	04.9
8=	Gambia	04.9
9	Angola	05.0
10=	Afghanistan	05.0
10=	Zimbabwe	05.0
12	Nigeria	05.1
	World Avg	18.3
q=185.

Migration:

Immigrants₁₅
Pos.		2017 %₁₅
1	UAE	88.4%
2	Kuwait	75.5%
3	Qatar	65.2%
	...
125	Kenya	2.2%
126	Angola	2.1%
127	Liberia	2.1%
128	Mali	2.1%
129	Georgia	2.0%
130	Guyana	2.0%
131	Central African Rep.	1.9%
132	Romania	1.9%
	World Avg	9.4%
q=195.

Emigrants₁₆
Pos.		2010 %₁₆
1	Dominica	104.8%
2	Palestine	68.4%
3	Samoa	67.3%
	...
80	Afghanistan	8.1%
81	Paraguay	7.9%
82	Russia	7.9%
83	Mali	7.6%
84	UK	7.5%
85	Honduras	7.5%
86	Austria	7.1%
87	Uzbekistan	7.0%
	World Avg	11.5%
q=192.

4. Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #freedom #gender_equality #human_rights #international_law #mali #morals #politics #prejudice #tolerance

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)₁₇
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₇
1	Sweden	9.0
2	Norway	14.5
3	Denmark	14.5
	...
78	Moldova	81.3
79	Trinidad & Tobago	81.4
80	Macedonia	82.0
81	Mali	82.2
82	Turkey	82.4
83	Russia	83.0
	Africa Avg	108.2
	World Avg	87.9
q=199.

Mali is generally poor at ensuring human rights and freedom compared to the rest of the world. Mali does worse than average in terms of commentary in Human Rights Watch reports₁₈, supporting press freedom₁₉, LGBT equality₂₀ (still good for Africa) and in supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms₂₁. And finally, it falls into the worst-performing 20 for the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators)₂₂ (one of the highest in Africa) and in opposing gender inequality₂₃ (one of the highest in Africa). At times, Mali's conscription programme descends into simple slave labour₂₄ and both government and militia forces use child soldiers₂₅. "Government forces conducted counterterrorism operationsthat resulted in arbitrary arrests, summary executions, torture, and ill-treatment"₂₅Conflicts have caused "a rule of law and security vacuum, facilitating rampant banditry and displacement. In central Mali, Islamist armed group presence and intimidation of the population steadily increased [in 2017]"₂₅.

For tables, charts and commentary, see:

Human Rights and Freedom in Mali

5. Mali's Health

#alcohol #birth_control #demographics #health #life_expectancy #longevity #Mali #obesity #overpopulation #parenting #population #smoking #vaccines

Compared to Africa (2020)₂₆
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₆
1	Mauritius	64.5
2	Morocco	73.1
3=	Eritrea	77.0
	...
43	Burkina Faso	118.1
44=	Chad	119.9
44=	Swaziland	119.9
46	Mali	122.1
47	Congo, (Brazzaville)	123.4
48	Namibia	125.9
49	Gabon	131.3
50	Ivory Coast	132.6
51	Angola	133.1
	Africa Avg	108.2
q=54.

Health (2020)₂₆
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₂₆
1	Monaco	13.0
2	Hong Kong	18.3
3	Maldives	41.0
	...
180=	Chad	119.9
180=	Swaziland	119.9
182	Papua New Guinea	120.8
183	Mali	122.1
184	Congo, (Brazzaville)	123.4
185	Cook Islands	123.7
186	Namibia	125.9
187	Iraq	130.9
	World Avg	93.5
q=196.

The countries with the best overall approach to public health, in terms of both public policy and individual lifestyle choices, are Monaco, Hong Kong and The Maldives₂₇. These countries are worth emulating. And, although often through no fault of the average citizen, the worst countries are The Marshall Islands, S. Sudan and Palau₂₇.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are its average life expectancy, its alcohol consumption rate, its fertility rate, its smoking rate, its suicide rate, its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance, the prevalence of overweight adults, its adolescent birth rate and its immunizations take-up. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Asia and The Mediterranean₂₇, whereas the worst are Micronesia, Australasia and Africa₂₇.

For more, see:

"Countries With the Healthiest Cultures and Health Policies" by Vexen Crabtree (2020).

Health:

Mali is a pretty unhealthy country. Mali does better than average in its alcohol consumption rate₂₈ and in its smoking rate₂₉. But unfortunately Mali gets most other things wrong. It does worse than average when it comes to its food aid and health contributions and WHO compliance₃₀ and in its immunizations take-up₃₁. It falls into the worst-performing 20 in its fertility rate₁₃ (amongst the highest in Africa) and in its average life expectancy₁₁. And finally, it is second-from-the-bottom in its adolescent birth rate₂₃. The number of overweight adults has increased by 14% during the past 40 years. Life expectancy in Mali in 1990 was 46.6yrs, much lower than the global average of 64.6. It improved by +13yrs in the 30 years from then, much better than the global average of +7.9yrs.

Life Expectancy Higher is better₁₁
Pos.		2021 Years₁₁
1	Monaco	85.9
2	Hong Kong	85.5
3	Japan	84.8
	...
183	Namibia	59.3
184	Zimbabwe	59.3
185	Congo, DR	59.2
186	Mali	58.9
187	Guinea	58.9
188	Ivory Coast	58.6
189	Swaziland	57.1
190	Somalia	55.3
	Africa Avg	62.79
	World Avg	71.28
q=195.

Alcohol Consumption Lower is better₂₈
Pos.		2016 Per Capita₂₈
1	Bangladesh	0.0
2	Kuwait	0.0
3	Libya	0.0
	...
30	Papua New Guinea	1.2
31=	Eritrea	1.3
31=	Guinea	1.3
31=	Mali	1.3
34	Solomon Islands	1.4
35=	Tonga	1.5
35=	Lebanon	1.5
37	Chad	1.6
	Africa Avg	4.8
	World Avg	6.2
q=189.

Fertility Rate 2.0 is best₁₃
Pos.		2013₁₃
1	N. Korea	2.00
2	Brunei	1.99
3	St Vincent & Grenadines	2.01
	...
173	Uganda	5.95
174	Malawi	5.98
175	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	5.99
176	Afghanistan	6.03
177	Mali	6.16
178	Zambia	6.30
179	Somalia	6.30
180	Niger	6.96
	Africa Avg	4.31
	World Avg	2.81
q=180.

Smoking Rates Lower is better₂₉
Pos.		2014₂₉
1	Guinea	15
2	Solomon Islands	26
3	Kiribati	28
	...
48	Panama	224
49	Grenada	224
50	St Lucia	232
51	Mali	236
52	Dominican Rep.	245
53	Togo	250
54	Kenya	257
55	Mauritius	261
	Africa Avg	340
	World Avg	819
q=182.

Food Aid, Health Contributions & WHO Compliance Lower is better₃₀
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₀
1	Sweden	1
2	Ireland	2
3	Denmark	3
	...
139	Ghana	139
140	Chad	140
141	Rwanda	141
142	Mali	142
143	Niger	143
144	Marshall Islands	144
145	Botswana	145
146	Samoa	146
	Africa Avg	117.0
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Overweight Adults Lower is better₃₂
Pos.		2016 %₃₂
1	Vietnam	18.3
2	India	19.7
3	Bangladesh	20.0
	...
33=	Tanzania	27.7
34	Zambia	27.8
35=	Togo	28.1
35=	Mali	28.1
37	Indonesia	28.2
38=	Somalia	28.4
38=	Senegal	28.4
38=	Pakistan	28.4
	Africa Avg	33.3
	World Avg	49.0
q=191.

Children's Health:

Adolescent Birth Rate Lower is better₂₃
Pos.		2015 Per 1000₂₃
1	N. Korea	0.5
2	S. Korea	1.6
3	Switzerland	2.9
	...
178	Chad	133.5
179	Ivory Coast	135.5
180	Malawi	136.2
181	Mozambique	139.7
182	Guinea	140.6
183	Angola	164.3
184	Mali	174.6
185	Niger	202.4
	Africa Avg	87.5
	World Avg	47.9
q=185.

Infant Immunizations 2011-2015 Higher is better₃₁
Pos.		2015 Avg %₃₁
1=	Hungary	99.0
1=	China	99.0
3	Uzbekistan	98.9
	...
167	Congo, DR	76.5
168	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	76.5
169	Indonesia	76.4
170	Mali	76.0
171	India	75.1
172	Ethiopia	73.9
173	Pakistan	73.0
174	Liberia	72.6
	Africa Avg	81.7
	World Avg	88.3
q=194.

6. Mali's Responsibility Towards The Environment

#biodiversity #climate_change #deforestation #food #meat #over-exploitation #the_environment #veganism #vegetarianism

Compared to Africa (2023)₃₃
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₃
1	Seychelles	55.3
2	Kenya	57.4
3=	Zambia	57.6
	...
11	Egypt	66.6
12	Nigeria	69.2
13	Ivory Coast	70.5
14	Mali	74.3
15=	Ghana	76.2
16	Chad	79.5
17=	Mozambique	81.0
18	Gambia	82.0
19=	Cameroon	82.0
	Africa Avg	90.1
q=53.

Responsibility Towards The Environment (2023)₃₃
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₃
1	Japan	33.2
2	Philippines	45.0
3	Uruguay	48.0
	...
60	El Salvador	71.8
61	Romania	72.4
62	Trinidad & Tobago	73.5
63	Mali	74.3
64	Malaysia	74.4
65	Vanuatu	75.0
66	Nicaragua	75.5
67=	Guatemala	76.2
	World Avg	85.7
q=188.

Mali comes 63rd in the world in terms of its responsibility towards the environment. This rank is derived from 5 data sets. Mali comes in the best 20 in annual meat consumption per person₃₄. It does better than average when it comes to the rate of rational beliefs on the environment in the population₃₅. Mali does worse than average in how quickly it ratified the 1993 Convention on Biological Diversity and in its environmental performance₃₆. And finally, it falls into the worst-performing 20 in its forested percent change 1990-2015₃₇.

Forest Area Change 1990-2015 Higher is better₃₇
Pos.		2015 %₃₇
1	Iceland	+205.6
2	Bahrain	+144.4
3	Uruguay	+131.3
	...
169	Chad	-27.3
170	Paraguay	-27.6
171	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	-29.0
172	Mali	-29.5
173	El Salvador	-29.7
174	Nicaragua	-31.0
175	Zimbabwe	-36.6
176	Sudan	-37.5
	Africa Avg	-08.0
	World Avg	+02.8
q=184.

Environmental Performance Higher is better₃₆
Pos.		2018₃₆
1	Switzerland	87.4
2	France	84.0
3	Denmark	81.6
	...
144	Vanuatu	44.6
145	Uganda	44.3
146	Comoros	44.2
147	Mali	43.7
148	Rwanda	43.7
149	Zimbabwe	43.4
150	Cambodia	43.2
151	Solomon Islands	43.2
	Africa Avg	46.4
	World Avg	56.4
q=180.

Convention on Biological Diversity Earlier is better
Pos.		0 Signed
1=	China	1993 Dec 29
1=	Guinea	1993 Dec 29
1=	Cook Islands	1993 Dec 29
	...
113	Oman	1995 May 09
114	Cambodia	1995 May 10
115	Central African Rep.	1995 Jun 13
116=	Mali	1995 Jun 27
116=	Cape Verde	1995 Jun 27
118	Russia	1995 Jul 04
119	Guatemala	1995 Oct 08
120	Uzbekistan	1995 Oct 17
	Africa Avg	1899 Dec 30
	World Avg	1899 Dec 30
q=197.

Rational Beliefs on the Environment Higher is better₃₅
Pos.		2011 %₃₅
1	Argentina	78.3%
2	Greece	77.6%
3	Brazil	77.1%
	...
23	Uruguay	62.4%
24	Angola	62.4%
25	Bangladesh	61.5%
26	Mali	60.7%
27	Venezuela	60.1%
28	Morocco	60.0%
29	Malta	57.3%
30	Ecuador	57.2%
	Africa Avg	38.3%
	World Avg	39.9%
q=145.

Meat Consumption Lower is better₃₄
Pos.		2021 kg₃₄
1	Congo, DR	03.0
2	Burundi	03.5
3	Bangladesh	04.3
4	Madagascar	05.4
5	India	05.7
6	Nigeria	07.0
7	Ethiopia	07.1
8	Rwanda	07.6
9	Mali	07.8
10	Niger	08.1
11	Afghanistan	08.7
12	Uganda	09.4
	Africa Avg	24.9
	World Avg	52.5
q=185.

In the 2010s, meat consumption per person in Mali reduced by over 10kgs per year (only 17 countries managed the same), reducing strain on water supplies and the environment.₃₄

7. Mali's Modernity and Learning

#education #intelligence #it_security #modernity #religion #religiosity #research #science #secularisation #technology #the_internet

Compared to Africa (2020)₃₈
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₈
1	S. Africa	52.8
2	Egypt	70.4
3	Tunisia	73.4
	...
27	Burkina Faso	120.6
28	Ivory Coast	121.3
29	Malawi	121.6
30	Mali	124.1
31	Togo	124.4
32	Angola	124.8
33	Djibouti	125.8
34	Liberia	130.8
35	Tanzania	132.0
	Africa Avg	120.7
q=53.

Modernity & Learning (2020)₃₈
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₃₈
1	Finland	8.4
2	Taiwan	10.0
3	Switzerland	15.1
	...
166	Iraq	121.8
167	Guyana	122.6
168	Syria	123.5
169	Mali	124.1
170	Togo	124.4
171	Angola	124.8
172	San Marino	125.0
173	Djibouti	125.8
	World Avg	83.2
q=205.

Modernity and Education:

In 1990-2, education in Mali was incredibly short - the average person could expect just over two years; only Niger done worse. It improved this by 2.3 years during the 1990s, although the rest of the world done much better. Things stalled in the 2010s, and by 2019 it had the fourth shortest education per person in the world, at 7.4 years.₃₉

Research & Development Higher is better
Pos.		2016 % RDP PPP
1	S. Korea	4.29₄₀
2	Israel	4.11₄₀
3	Japan	3.58₄₀
	...
48=	Tunisia	0.68₄₁
48=	Egypt	0.68₄₂
50	Belarus	0.67₄₂
51	Mali	0.66₄₃
52	Bulgaria	0.65₄₂
53	Ethiopia	0.61₄₂
54	Latvia	0.60₄₂
55=	Gabon	0.58₄₄
	Africa Avg	0.36
	World Avg	0.84
q=126.

Secondary Education Higher is better₄₅
Pos.		2018₄₅
1=	Luxembourg	100.0%
1=	Estonia	100.0%
1=	Austria	100.0%
	...
159	Ethiopia	17.1%
160	Rwanda	16.3%
161	Tanzania	14.3%
162	Mali	13.1%
163	Papua New Guinea	12.5%
164	Bhutan	12.0%
165	Guinea	11.7%
166	Burundi	9.3%
	Africa Avg	34.4%
	World Avg	63.0%
q=169.

Length of Schooling Higher is better₄₆
Pos.		2021 Years₄₆
1	Australia	21.1
2	New Zealand	20.3
3	Greece	20.0
	...
186	Eritrea	8.1
187	Central African Rep.	8.0
188	Chad	8.0
189	Sudan	7.9
190	Djibouti	7.4
191	Mali	7.4
192	Niger	7.0
193	S. Sudan	5.5
	Africa Avg	11.0
	World Avg	13.5
q=193.

Intellectual Endeavours Lower is better₃₀
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₀
1	Ukraine	1
2	Czechia	2
3	Hungary	3
	...
140	Syria	140
141	Mauritania	141
142	Nigeria	142
143	Mali	143
144	Congo, (Brazzaville)	144
145	Qatar	145
146	Philippines	146
147	Mozambique	147
	Africa Avg	106.4
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Religiosity Lower is better₄₇
Pos.		2018 %₄₇
1	China	3
2	Estonia	6
3	Czechia	7
	...
99	Afghanistan	92
100=	Burkina Faso	93
100=	Tanzania	93
100=	Indonesia	93
103	Mali	94
104=	Pakistan	94
105	Ethiopia	98
106=	Senegal	98
	Africa Avg	87.0
	World Avg	54.3
q=106.

IQ Higher is better₄₈
Pos.		2006₄₈
1=	Hong Kong	108
1=	Singapore	108
3	S. Korea	106
	...
117=	Ivory Coast	69
117=	Malawi	69
117=	Niger	69
117=	Mali	69
117=	Burundi	69
117=	Nigeria	69
123	Chad	68
124=	Burkina Faso	68
	Africa Avg	70.6
	World Avg	85.6
q=138.

Technology and Information:

Internet Users Higher is better₄₉
Pos.		2016₄₉
1	Iceland	100%
2	Faroe Islands	99%
3	Norway	98%
	...
168	Iraq	13%
169	Kiribati	13%
170	Rwanda	12%
171	Mali	12%
172	Haiti	12%
173=	Papua New Guinea	12%
173=	Djibouti	12%
175	Cambodia	11%
	Africa Avg	18.4%
	World Avg	48.1%
q=201.

IT Security Lower is better₅₀
Pos.		2013₅₀
1=	Ireland	0.11
1=	Luxembourg	0.11
1=	Belize	0.11
	...
45	Brazil	1.02
46	Indonesia	1.05
47	British Virgin Islands	1.08
48	Mali	1.12
49	France	1.13
50	Italy	1.15
51	Vietnam	1.15
52	Nigeria	1.18
	Africa Avg	1.07
	World Avg	0.98

8. National Culture

#charity #corruption #happiness #morals #politics

World Giving Index Higher is better₅₁
Pos.		2022 %₅₁
1	Indonesia	68.0
2	Kenya	61.0
3	USA	59.0
	...
72=	Peru	39.0
73	Uzbekistan	38.0
74=	Chile	38.0
74=	Mali	38.0
76	Switzerland	37.0
77=	Finland	37.0
77=	Hong Kong	37.0
77=	Cameroon	37.0
	Africa Avg	38.2
	World Avg	39.6
q=125.

Corruption Higher is better₅₂
Pos.		2022 Points₅₂
1	Denmark	90.0
2=	Finland	87.0
2=	New Zealand	87.0
	...
136	Gabon	29.0
137=	Paraguay	28.0
137=	Russia	28.0
137=	Mali	28.0
140	Pakistan	27.0
141=	Kyrgyzstan	27.0
142	Liberia	26.0
143=	Mozambique	26.0
	Africa Avg	32.31
	World Avg	42.98
q=180.

Happiness Higher is better₅₃
Pos.		2018 Score₅₃
1	Finland	7.6
2	Norway	7.6
3	Denmark	7.6
	...
115	Bangladesh	4.5
116	Sri Lanka	4.5
117	Iraq	4.5
118	Mali	4.4
119	Namibia	4.4
120	Cambodia	4.4
121	Burkina Faso	4.4
122	Egypt	4.4
	Africa Avg	4.29
	World Avg	5.38
q=156.

Creativity & Culture Lower is better₃₀
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₀
1	Belgium	1
2	Netherlands	2
3	Estonia	3
	...
131	Kazakhstan	131
132	Guinea	132
133	Timor-Leste (E. Timor)	133
134	Mali	134
135	Chad	135
136	Saudi Arabia	136
137	Congo, (Brazzaville)	137
138	Algeria	138
	Africa Avg	117.8
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Open Trading, Aid & Development Lower is better₃₀
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₀
1	Ireland	1
2	Denmark	2
3	Sweden	3
	...
54	Rwanda	54
55	Swaziland	55
56	Luxembourg	56
57	Mali	57
58	El Salvador	58
59	Senegal	59
60	Kyrgyzstan	60
61	Qatar	61
	Africa Avg	96.7
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

9. Peace Versus Instability

#extremism #human_development #peace #politics #religious_violence #terrorism

Global Peace Index Lower is better₅₄
Pos.		2023 Score₅₄
1	Iceland	1.12
2	Denmark	1.31
3	Ireland	1.31
	...
150	Burkina Faso	2.87
151	Ethiopia	2.87
152	Central African Rep.	2.93
153	Mali	2.96
154	Iraq	3.01
155	Sudan	3.02
156	Somalia	3.04
157	Ukraine	3.04
	Africa Avg	2.29
	World Avg	2.07
q=163.

Peacekeeping & Security Lower is better₃₀
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₀
1	Samoa	1
2	S. Africa	2
3	Tunisia	3
	...
152	Afghanistan	152
153	Lebanon	153
154	Liberia	154
155	Mali	155
156	Swaziland	156
157	Yemen	157
158	Iraq	158
159	Bahrain	159
	Africa Avg	83.6
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Refugees & UN Treaties Lower is better₃₀
Pos.		2017 Rank₃₀
1	Austria	1
2	Germany	2
3	Netherlands	3
	...
136	Trinidad & Tobago	136
137	Nigeria	137
138	Cambodia	138
139	Mali	139
140	Haiti	140
141	Mongolia	141
142	Syria	142
143	Mauritania	143
	Africa Avg	104.5
	World Avg	82.0
q=163.

Impact of Terrorism Lower is better₅₅
Pos.		2019 Score₅₅
1	Togo	0.00
2	Mongolia	0.00
3	Swaziland	0.00
	...
135	Turkey	6.53
136	Cameroon	6.62
137	Central African Rep.	6.62
138	Mali	6.65
139	Libya	6.77
140	Egypt	6.79
141	Congo, DR	7.04
142	Philippines	7.14
	Africa Avg	3.41
	World Avg	2.78
q=150.

10. Economic Inequality and Poverty

#capitalism #economics #health #inequality #life_expectancy #poverty #social_development

Inequality in Life Expectancy Lower is better₅₆
Pos.		2019₅₆
1	Iceland	2.40
2=	Singapore	2.50
2=	Hong Kong	2.50
	...
176	Benin	34.90
177	Congo, DR	36.10
178	S. Sudan	36.20
179	Mali	36.70
180	Nigeria	37.10
181	Somalia	38.90
182	Sierra Leone	39.00
183	Central African Rep.	40.10
	Africa Avg	26.10
	World Avg	14.59
q=184.

Income Inequality (Gini Coefficient) Lower is better₅₇
Pos.		2017 %₅₇
1	Ukraine	25.0
2=	Belarus	25.4
2=	Slovenia	25.4
	...
39	Estonia	32.7
40	Nepal	32.8
41=	Tunisia	32.8
42	Mali	33.0
43=	Bosnia & Herzegovina	33.0
44	UK	33.2
45	Pakistan	33.5
46	Armenia	33.6
	Africa Avg	42.6
	World Avg	38.1
q=152.

Multidimensional Poverty Lower is better₅₈
Pos.		2018 Severity₅₈
1	Armenia	.001
2	Ukraine	.001
3	Serbia	.001
	...
92	Burundi	.403
93	Mozambique	.411
94	Madagascar	.453
95	Mali	.457
96	Central African Rep.	.465
97	Ethiopia	.489
98	Burkina Faso	.519
99	Chad	.533
	Africa Avg	.264
	World Avg	.154
q=101.

11. Religion and Beliefs

#belief #buddhism #christianity #god #hinduism #islam #judaism #religion #religiosity #secularisation

Religiosity (2018)₄₇
Pos.		Lower is better %₄₇
1	China	3
2	Estonia	6
3	Czechia	7
	...
91=	Honduras	90
91=	Cameroon	90
91=	Rwanda	90
91=	Liberia	90
95	Morocco	91
96=	Guinea-Bissau	91
96=	Philippines	91
96=	Zambia	91
99	Afghanistan	92
100=	Burkina Faso	93
100=	Tanzania	93
100=	Indonesia	93
103	Mali	94
104=	Pakistan	94
105	Ethiopia	98
106=	Senegal	98
	World Avg	54.3
q=106.

Disbelief In God (2007)₅₉
Pos.		Higher is better %₅₉
1	Vietnam	81
2	Japan	65
3	Sweden	64
	...
122=	Niger	0
122=	Saudi Arabia	0
122=	Rwanda	0
122=	Cameroon	0
122=	Philippines	0
122=	Kuwait	0
122=	Madagascar	0
122=	Nigeria	0
122=	Malawi	0
122=	Chad	0
122=	Nepal	0
122=	Morocco	0
122=	Mauritania	0
122=	Mali	0
122=	Senegal	0
122=	Oman	0
	World Avg	9.9
q=137.

Data from the Pew Forum, a professional polling outfit, states that in 2010 the religious makeup of this country was as follows in the table below₆₀:

Christian	3.2%
Muslim	92.4%
Hindu	0.1%
Buddhist	0.1%
Folk Religion	1.6%
Jewish	0.1%
Unaffiliated	2.7%

The CIA World Factbook has slightly different data, and states: Muslim 94.8%, Christian 2.4%, Animist 2%, none 0.5%, unspecified 0.3% (2009 Census)₆₁.

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