Human Rights and Freedom in Finland

http://www.humantruth.info/finland_human_rights_and_freedom.html

By Vexen Crabtree 2018

#equality #eu #finland #freedom #human_rights #politics #tolerance

Finland Republic of Finland [Country Profile Page]
Status	Independent State
Social and Moral Index	5th best
Location	Europe, Scandinavia
Population	5.5m₁
Life Expectancy	82.04yrs (2017)₂

Finland performs very well in ensuring human rights and freedom compared to most other countries. Finland performs the best in terms of supporting press freedom₃. It comes in the best 20 in terms of commentary in Human Rights Watch reports₄, opposing gender inequality₅, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms₆, the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators)₇ and in its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice₈. And finally, it does better than average in terms of LGBT equality₉, speed of uptake of HR treaties₁₀, its nominal commitment to Human Rights₁₁ (but low for Europe) and in freethought₁₂ (but bad for Europe). Human Rights Watch's 2018 report states that Finland's support of women's rights at home and internationally has been notable₁₃.

1. Finland's Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance

#equality #gender_equality #human_rights #morals #politics #prejudice #tolerance

Compared to Europe (2020)₁₄
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₄
1	Sweden	9.2
2	Norway	14.7
3	Denmark	14.7
4	Netherlands	15.8
5	Iceland	20.1
6	Austria	22.5
7	Luxembourg	23.9
8	Finland	23.9
9	France	24.8
10	Germany	24.9
11	Belgium	26.1
12	UK	26.8
13	Spain	28.3
	Europe Avg	50.3
q=49.

Human Rights, Equality & Tolerance (2020)₁₄
Pos.		Lower is better Avg Rank₁₄
1	Sweden	9.2
2	Norway	14.7
3	Denmark	14.7
	...
7	Canada	21.2
8	Austria	22.5
9	Luxembourg	23.9
10	Finland	23.9
11	Australia	24.1
12	Hong Kong	24.3
13	France	24.8
14	Germany	24.9
	World Avg	87.7
q=199.

The best countries in the world at ensuring human rights, fostering equality and promoting tolerance, are Sweden, Norway and Denmark₁₅. These countries are displaying the best traits that humanity has to offer. The worst countries are The Solomon Islands, Somalia and Tuvalu₁₅.

The data sets used to calculate points for each country are statistics on commentary in Human Rights Watch reports, its nominal commitment to Human Rights, speed of uptake of HR treaties, supporting personal, civil & economic freedoms, supporting press freedom, eliminating modern slavery, opposing gender inequality, the rate of gender bias (from 7 indicators), the year from which women could participate in democracy, its success in fighting anti-semitic prejudice, LGBT equality and freethought. The regions with the best average results per country are Scandinavia, Baltic States and Europe₁₅, whereas the worst are Melanesia, Micronesia and Australasia₁₅.

For more, see:

"Which are the Best Countries for Human Rights, Equality and Tolerance?" by Vexen Crabtree (2020).

Amnesty International's 2023-23 summary on human rights in Finland stated:

“Protests blocking streets were regularly dispersed. [...] A new law on sexual violence was enacted and reform of the law on legal gender recognition was presented to parliament. Legislation allowing the hindrance of the right to seek asylum was adopted. A bill protecting the rights of the Sámi people was introduced.”
"The State of the World's Human Rights 2022/23" by Amnesty International (2023)₁₆

The EU has acted on behalf of its member states on many occasions to support, foster, fund and encourage human rights protections in every region of the world, with agreement of its member states through the European Parliament. The protections of workers' rights and their harmonisations (which stops companies moving staff to countries with the weakest laws) has had great effect in stopping workforce abuse₁₇. According to Human Rights Watch's comprehensive review for the year 2017, in addition to vocal and public pronouncements on poor human rights records of many countries, the EU has also acted through economic sanctions, political pressure and used other means to incentivize the adoption of human rights protections, even if these measures harm EU trading₁₈. It is to Finland's credit that it supports the EU in these actions.

2. Human Rights & Tolerance Data Sets

2.1. Human Rights Watch Comments

#human_rights

Human Rights Watch Comments Higher is better₄
Pos.		2017 Score₄
1	UK	9
2	France	9
3	Germany	9
4	Canada	8
5	Netherlands	8
6	Sweden	7
7	Ireland	7
8	Finland	6
9	Luxembourg	6
10	Belgium	6
11	Greece	5
12	Cyprus	5
	Europe Avg	3.5
	World Avg	-1.9
q=123.

Human Rights Watch comments concentrate mostly on negative issues, however, they also make positive comments for those countries that engage in human rights defence around the world, or who make improvements at home. By adding up positive and negative comments (including double-points for negatives that involve large scales and crimes against humanity), the Social and Moral Index turns HRW commentary into quantified values. Some countries may be unfairly penalized because HRW have not examined them, and, some countries "get away" with abuses if they manage to hide it, or if it goes unnoticed - a negative point has been given for those countries in which HRW specifically state that access to investigators has been barred. The points were limited to a minimum of -10 because there are some points at which things are so bad, with abuses affecting so many, it is difficult to be more specific about the depths of the issues.

2.2. Nominal Commitment to HR

#human_rights

Nominal Commitment to HR Higher is better₁₁
Pos.		2009 Treaties₁₁
1	Argentina	24
2	Chile	23
3	Costa Rica	23
	...
55	Venezuela	19
56	Lesotho	19
57	Rwanda	19
58	Finland	19
59	Netherlands	19
60	Nicaragua	19
61	Canada	19
62	Kazakhstan	19
	Europe Avg	19.5
	World Avg	15.1
q=194.

There are many international agreements on human rights, and, many mechanisms by which countries can be brought to account for their actions. Together, these have been the biggest historical movement in the fight against oppression and inhumanity. Or, putting it another way: these are rejected mostly by those who wish to oppress inhumanely. None of them are perfect and many people object to various components and wordings, but, no-one has come up with, and enforced, better methods of controlling the occasional desires that states and peoples have of causing angst for other states and peoples in a violent, unjust or inhumane way. Points are awarded for the number of human rights agreements ratified by the country, plus the acceptance of the petition mechanisms for disputes. The maximum possible score in 2009 was 24.

2.3. HR Treaties Lag

#human_rights #international_law #micronesia #politics #small_islands

HR Treaties Lag Lower is better₁₀
Pos.		2019 Avg Yrs/Treaty₁₀
1	Ecuador	2.15
2	Uruguay	2.25
3	Tunisia	3.65
	...
48	Australia	7.31
49	Brazil	7.36
50	Guinea	7.43
51	Finland	7.49
52	Togo	7.50
53	Iraq	7.55
54	New Zealand	7.56
55	Iceland	7.57
	Europe Avg	9.09
	World Avg	10.02
q=195.

Human Rights (HR) Treaties Lag is a count of how long it took each country to sign each of 11 key HR treaties. From the date of the first signatory of each treaty, all other countries have one point added to their score for each day they delayed in signing. Results are presented as average time in years to sign each one. The lower a country's score, the more enthusiastically it has taken on international Human Rights Treaties - which are, of course, minimal standards of good governance. The slowest are the countries of Micronesia, Melanesia, Australasia and Polynesia all lagged by over 12 years per treaty. The best regions are The Americas, Scandinavia and the Mediterranean.

For more, see:

"Which are the Best Countries for Human Rights, Equality and Tolerance?" by Vexen Crabtree (2020).

2.4. Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom

#freedom #politics

Personal, Civil & Economic Freedom Lower is better₆
Pos.		2014 Rank₆
1	Hong Kong	1
2	Switzerland	2
3	New Zealand	3
4	Ireland	4
5	Denmark	5
6	UK	6
7	Canada	6
8	Australia	6
9	Finland	9
10	Netherlands	10
11	Luxembourg	11
12	Austria	11
	Europe Avg	33.9
	World Avg	79.7
q=159.

The Human Freedom Index published by the Fraser Institute is...

“... a broad measure of human freedom, understood as the absence of coercive constraint. It uses 79 distinct indicators of personal and economic freedom in the following areas: Rule of Law, Security and Safety, Movement, Religion, Association, Assembly, and Civil Society, Expression, Relationships, Size of Government, Legal System and Property Rights, Access to Sound Money, Freedom to Trade Internationally, Regulation of Credit, Labor, and Business. [...]
The highest levels of freedom are in Western Europe, Northern Europe, and North America (Canada and the United States. The lowest levels are in the Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. [...]
Countries in the top quartile of freedom enjoy a significant higher per capita income ($37,147) [compared with] the least-free quartile [at] $8,700). The HFI finds a strong correlation between human freedom and democracy.”
"The Human Freedom Index" by The Fraser Institute (2016)₁₉

2.5. Press Freedom

#democracy #freedom #Freedom_of_Speech #Good_Governance #mass_media #politics #UK

Press Freedom Lower is better₃
Pos.		2013₃
1	Finland	638
2	Netherlands	648
3	Norway	652
4	Luxembourg	668
5	Andorra	682
6	Denmark	708
7	Liechtenstein	735
8	New Zealand	838
9	Iceland	849
10	Sweden	923
11	Estonia	926
12	Austria	940
	Europe Avg	2044
	World Avg	3249
q=178.

The freedom to investigate, publish information, and have access to others' opinion is a fundamental part of today's information-driven world, and is linked with Freedom of Speech and Good Governance. Scores on the Press Freedom Index are calculated according to indicators including pluralism - the degree to which opinions are represented in the media, media independence of authorities, self-censorship, legislation, transparency and the infrastructure that supports news and information, and, the level of violence against journalists which includes lengths of imprisonments. The index "does not take direct account of the kind of political system but it is clear that democracies provide better protection for the freedom to produce and circulate accurate news and information than countries where human rights are flouted". The rankings are used as one of the datasets of the Social and Moral Development Index₂₀

It must be noted that press freedom is not an indicator of press quality and the press itself can be abusive; the UK suffers in particular from a popular brand of nasty reporting that infuses several of its newspapers who are particularly prone to running destructive and often untrue campaigns against victims. The Press Freedom Index notes that "the index should in no way be taken as an indicator of the quality of the media in the countries concerned".

2.6. Slavery

#burundi #eritrea #france #human_rights #indonesia #slavery

Slavery Lower is better₂₁
Pos.		2018 % Victims₂₁
1	Japan	0.03
2	Canada	0.05
3	Taiwan	0.05
	...
19	Ireland	0.17
20	Lebanon	0.17
21	UAE	0.17
22	Finland	0.17
23	Austria	0.17
24	Switzerland	0.17
25	Brazil	0.18
26	Jordan	0.18
	Europe Avg	0.38
	World Avg	0.65
q=167.

The taking of slaves has been an unwholesome feature of Human cultures since prehistory₂₂. Private households and national endeavours have frequently been augmented with the use of slaves. The Egyptian and Roman empires both thrived on them for both purposes. Aside from labourers they are often abused sexually by their owners and their owners' friends₂₃. The era of colonialism and the beginnings of globalisation changed nothing: the imprisonment and forced movements of labour continued to destroy many lives except that new justifications were invented based on Christian doctrine and the effort to convert non-Christians. By 1786 over 12 million slaves had been extracted from Africa and sent to colonial labour camps, with a truly atrocious condition of life₂₄. But they were not the only ones to blame; in Africa internal nations such as the Asantes sold and bought tens of thousands of slaves₂₅.

The abolition of the slave trade was a long and slow process. Until a relatively modern time, even philosophers, religious leaders and those concerned with ethics justified, or ignored, the problem of slavery₂₆. The first abolitionists were always the slaves themselves. Their protests and rebellions caused the industry to become too expensive to continue. After that, it was the economic costs of maintain slave colonies that led the British to reject and then oppose the slave trade globally. Finally, the enlightenment-era thinkers of France encouraged moral and ethical thinking including the declaration of the inherent value of human life and human dignity₂₇. A long-overdue wave of compassionate and conscientious movements swept across the West, eliminating public support for slavery, until the industries and churches that supported it had no choice but to back down.

'Modern slavery' includes forced labour (often of the under-age), debt bondage (especially generational), sexual slavery, chattel slavery and other forms of abuse, some of which can be surprisingly difficult to detect, but often target those fleeing from warzones and the vulnerable.₂₈. Some industries (diamond, clothing, coal) from some countries (Burundi₂₉, Eritrea₂₉, Indonesia₃₀) are a particular concern. The Walk Free Foundation, say that in 2016, 40.3 million people were living in modern slavery₃₁.

For more, see:

"The Historical Slave Trade and Modern Slavery" by Vexen Crabtree (2018).

3. Gender Equality Data Sets

Finland is notable for its equality between the sexes and this has been a feature of the country's culture for quite some time.

See:

"Religion Versus Womankind" by Vexen Crabtree (2007)

Human Rights Watch's 2018 report states that Finland's support of women's rights at home and internationally has been notable₁₃.

3.1. Gender Inequality

#gender #gender_equality #human_rights #misogyny #women

Gender Inequality Lower is better₅
Pos.		2015₅
1	Switzerland	0.04
2	Denmark	0.04
3	Netherlands	0.04
4	Sweden	0.05
5	Iceland	0.05
6	Norway	0.05
7	Slovenia	0.05
8	Finland	0.06
9	Germany	0.07
10	S. Korea	0.07
11	Singapore	0.07
12	Belgium	0.07
	Europe Avg	0.15
	World Avg	0.36
q=159.

The UN Human Development Reports include statistics on gender equality which take into account things like maternal mortality, access to political power (seats in parliament) and differences between male and female education rates. Gender inequality is not a necessary part of early human development. Although a separation of roles is almost universal due to different strengths between the genders, this does not have to mean that women are subdued, and, such patriarchalism is not universal in ancient history. Those cultures and peoples who shed, or never developed, the idea that mankind ought to dominate womankind, are better cultures and peoples than those who, even today, cling violently to those mores.

For more, see:

"Gender Equality" by Vexen Crabtree (2023).

3.2. Gender Biases

#gender #gender_equality #prejudice #women

Gender Biases Lower is better₇
Pos.		2022 %₇
1	Sweden	31.8₃₂
2	New Zealand	34.4₃₃
3	Australia	37.0₃₃
	...
7	Andorra	43.1₃₃
8	Netherlands	44.2₃₂
9	USA	50.7₃₃
10	Finland	52.5₃₄
11	Spain	53.5₃₂
12	Switzerland	56.9₃₄
13	France	57.2₃₄
14	UK	57.7₃₄
	Europe Avg	69.08
	World Avg	83.93
q=88.

The Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI) looks at gender biases across seven criteria; the % given here is for the total people who are biased across any of those criteria. By subtracting the value from 100%, you can see that those who do well on this index, you are seeing a count of those who do not appear to be biased against women in any of the criteria, and so, doing well on this index is a very positive sign for any country.

The data was included in UN (2022) with full results in Annex table AS6.7.1; their data stems for ranges between 2005 and 2022, depending on the country in question.

3.3. Year Women Can Vote

#christianity #gender_equality #human_rights #politics #women

Year Women Can Vote Lower is better
Pos.		0 Year
1	New Zealand	1893
2	Australia	1902
3	Finland	1906
4	Norway	1913
5	Denmark	1915
6	Iceland	1915
7	Russia	1917
8	Latvia	1918
9	Estonia	1918
10	Kyrgyzstan	1918
11	Austria	1919
12	Slovakia	1919
	Europe Avg	1895
	World Avg	1930
q=189.

Women now have equal rights in the vast majority of countries across the world. Although academic literature oftens talks of when a country "grants women the right to vote", this enforces a backwards way of thinking. Women always had the right to vote, however, they were frequently denied that right. The opposition to women's ability to vote in equality with man was most consistently and powerfully opposed by the Catholic Church, other Christian organisations, Islamic authorities and some other religious and secular traditionalists.

For more, see:

"Gender Equality" by Vexen Crabtree (2023).

4. Prejudice Data Sets

4.1. Anti-Semite Opinions

#antisemitism #christianity #germany #indonesia #israel #jordan #judaism #laos #morocco #netherlands #pakistan #philippines #religion #religious_violence #saudi_arabia #spain #sweden #turkey #UK #vietnam

Anti-Semite Opinions Lower is better₈
Pos.		2014 %₈
1	Laos	0
2	Philippines	3
3	Sweden	4
	...
14	Australia	14
15	Norway	15
16	Ghana	15
17	Finland	15
18	Brazil	16
19	Singapore	16
20	Nigeria	16
21	Iceland	16
	Europe Avg	29.9
	World Avg	36.8
q=101.

Anti-Semitism is the world given to irrational racism against Jews. It is not the same as anti-Judaism (involving arguments against the religion) nor the same as anti-Zionism (arguments against Israel). In history, influential Christian theologians concocted the arguments against Jews that led, very early on, to widespread Christian action against Jews₃₅_,₃₆_,₃₇_,₃₈. As Christianity rose to power in the West and presided over the Dark Ages, there were widespread violent outbursts against Jews of the most persistent and horrible kind. The Crusades were frequently aimed at them and the feared Spanish Inquisition paid Jews particular attention. The horror of the holocaust instigated by German Nazis in the 1940s was followed (finally) by the era of European human rights and a movement against racism in general.

The places that are the least anti-Semitical are a few countries of south-east Asia (Laos, the Philippines and Vietnam) and some of the secular liberal democracies of Europe (Sweden, the Netherlands and the UK). The worst countries for antisemitism are Islamic states of the Middle East₃₉, which are undergoing their own Dark Age. Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Morocco, Indonesia, Pakistan and Turkey see the most oppressive and violent actions towards Jews₄₀_,₄₁. Jews in Muslim countries face a host of restrictions and "ceaseless humiliation and regular pogroms"₄₂. In 2004 the European Union Monitoring Center on Racism and Xenophobia reported on violent anti-Jew crimes in the EU and found that that largest group of perpetrators were young Muslim males₄₃.

For more, see:

"Anti-Semitism" by Vexen Crabtree (2017).

4.2. LGBT Equality

#equality #homosexuality #human_rights #intolerance #sexuality #tolerance

In 2017, Finland became the last of the five Nordic countries to legalize same-sex marriage₄₄.

LGBT Equality Higher is better₉
Pos.		2017 Score₉
1	Netherlands	103
2	Belgium	90
3	Sweden	86
	...
19	Portugal	63
20	Canada	62
21	Colombia	58
22	Finland	57
23	Austria	56
24	Ireland	53
25	Ecuador	50
26	Australia	50
	Europe Avg	46.9
	World Avg	12.6
q=196.

Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) folk is rife across the world. Legal restrictions co-exist alongside social stigmatisation and physical violence₄₅. LGBT tolerance and equal rights have been fought for country-by-country across the world, often against tightly entrenched cultural and religious opposition. Adult consensual sexual activity is a Human Right, protected by privacy laws₄₆. Despite this, homosexual activity is outlawed in around 80 countries₄₅. The Social & Moral LGBT Equality Index was created to compare countries and regions, granting points to each country for a variety of factors including how long gay sex has been criminalized and the extent of LGBT legal rights. Graded negative points are given for criminality of homosexuality, unequal ages of consent, legal punishments and for not signing international accords on LGBT tolerance. The signs in many developed countries are positive, and things are gradually improving. Europe is by far the least prejudiced region (Scandinavia in particular being exemplary). The Middle East and then Africa are the least morally developed, where cultural bias goes hand-in-hand with state intolerance, all too often including physical violence.

For more, see:

"LGBT Rights Across the World: Which are the Best and Worst Countries?" by Vexen Crabtree (2017).

4.3. Freedom of Thought

#europe #freedom_of_belief #freethought #human_rights #netherlands #religion #religious_tolerance #secularism #the_enlightenment

Freedom of Thought Lower is better₁₂
Pos.		2021₁₂
1	Belgium	1.0
2	Netherlands	1.0
3	Taiwan	1.0
	...
90	Lesotho	3.0
91	Laos	3.0
92	Grenada	3.0
93	Finland	3.0
94	Panama	3.0
95	Spain	3.0
96	Hungary	3.0
97	Australia	3.0
	Europe Avg	2.6
	World Avg	3.0
q=196.

Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Belief are upheld in Article 18 the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights₄₇. It affirms that it is a basic human right that all people are free to change their beliefs and religion as they wish₄₈. No countries voted against this (although eight abstained). This right was first recognized clearly in the policies of religious toleration of the Netherlands and elsewhere in Europe in the post-enlightenment era₄₉ of the 19th century. In democratic countries, freedom of belief and religion is now taken for granted₅₀. In 2016 a study found that over 180 countries in the world had come to guarantee freedom of religion and belief₅₁. The best countries at doing so are Taiwan, Belgium and The Netherlands₁₂_,₅₂ and the worst: Afghanistan, N. Korea, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia₁₂_,₅₃.

Long-term studies have shown that religious violence and persecution both decrease in cultures where religious freedom is guaranteed₅₄. Despite this, there still are many who are strongly against freedom of belief₄₈, including entire cultures and many individual communities of religious believers. Their alternative is that you are not free to believe what you want and they often state that you cannot change religion without being punished (often including the death penalty): this is bemoaned as one of the most dangerous elements of religion₅₅ and "the denial of religious freedoms is inevitably intertwined with the denial of other freedoms"₅₆ and the solution is, everywhere, to allow religious freedom and the freedom of belief.

For more, see:

"Freethought - Freedom of Belief and Freedom of Religion" by Vexen Crabtree (2022).